Türkiye's Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)
Source: Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Türkiye pages "FTAs in Force", "FTAs in the Ratification Process", "FTAs under Negotiation" and "Preferential Trade Agreements" (reviewed as of October 2026).
Customs Union
| Partner | Signed | Entry into force | Note |
|---|
| European Union – Customs Union | 6 March 1995 (Association Council Decision 1/95) | 31 December 1995 (in practice 1 January 1996) | Industrial products and the industrial component of processed agricultural products; A.TR. Preferential regime for agricultural products (Association Council Decision 1/98) and a separate FTA for ECSC products, with EUR.1. Türkiye aligns with the EU's common customs tariff and is obliged to follow the EU's FTAs. |
FTAs in force (October 2026)
| # | Partner | Signed | Entry into force | Notes |
|---|
| 1 | EFTA (Switzerland, Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein) | 10.12.1991 | 01.04.1992 (please verify; some sources give 1.9.1992) | Modernized FTA entered into force on 1 October 2021 (including services) |
| 2 | North Macedonia | 07.09.1999 | 01.09.2000 | |
| 3 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 03.07.2002 | 01.07.2003 | Revised agreement 1 August 2021 |
| 4 | Palestine | 20.07.2004 | 01.06.2005 | |
| 5 | Tunisia | 25.11.2004 | 01.07.2005 | |
| 6 | Morocco | 07.04.2004 | 01.01.2006 | |
| 7 | Egypt | 27.12.2005 | 01.03.2007 | Largest FTA partner in North Africa |
| 8 | Albania | 22.12.2006 | 01.05.2008 | |
| 9 | Georgia | 21.11.2007 | 01.11.2008 | Protocols expanding the scope have been signed and are in domestic ratification |
| 10 | Montenegro | 26.11.2008 | 01.03.2010 | New protocols 1 July 2022 |
| 11 | Serbia | 01.06.2009 | 01.09.2010 | Protocols 1 June 2019 |
| 12 | Chile | 14.07.2009 | 01.03.2011 | |
| 13 | Mauritius | 09.09.2011 | 01.06.2013 | |
| 14 | South Korea | 01.08.2012 | 01.05.2013 | Framework + trade in goods; services/investment agreements 2018 |
| 15 | Malaysia | 17.04.2014 | 01.08.2015 | Update protocol 1 August 2024 |
| 16 | Moldova | 11.09.2014 | 01.11.2016 | |
| 17 | Faroe Islands | 16.12.2014 | 01.10.2017 | |
| 18 | Singapore | 14.11.2015 | 01.10.2017 | |
| 19 | Kosovo | 27.09.2013 | 01.09.2019 | |
| 20 | Venezuela | 17.05.2018 | 21.08.2020 (please verify) | Trade agreement of limited scope |
| 21 | United Kingdom | 29.12.2020 | 01.01.2021 provisional application; full entry into force 01.05.2021 (please verify) | Continuation of the EU relationship after Brexit; EUR.1 / origin declaration. Negotiations for an update (enhanced FTA) were launched in 2024 |
| 22 | United Arab Emirates – Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA / KEOA) | 03.03.2023 | 01.09.2023 | First comprehensive agreement in the Gulf; goods + services + investment |
| 23 | Qatar – Trade and Economic Partnership Agreement (TEPA / TEOA) | 26.11.2018 | 01.08.2025 | Ratified by the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (TBMM) in 2024; the lists of goods with zero GV/İGV and the origin regulation were published in the Official Gazette |
Note: Qatar may still be listed on the Ministry's "in the ratification process" page; however, according to the Ministry's announcement, the Qatar TEPA entered into force on 1 August 2025.
FTAs signed but not yet in force
| Partner | Signed | Status (October 2026) |
|---|
| Ukraine | 03.02.2022 | Türkiye's ratification was completed in 2024; the Ukrainian Parliament ratified it on 14–15 July 2026. Entry into force depends on the exchange of notes – the exact date of entry into force should be confirmed. About 90% of trade is expected to be liberalized. |
| Lebanon | 24.11.2010 | Awaiting domestic ratification procedures |
| Sudan | 24.12.2017 | Awaiting domestic ratification procedures |
Terminated / suspended agreements
| Partner | Entry into force | Termination | Reason |
|---|
| Jordan | 01.03.2011 | 22.11.2018 | Terminated by Jordan |
| Syria | 01.01.2007 | December 2011 | Suspended by Türkiye (civil war) |
| Israel | 01.05.1997 | May 2024 | Türkiye halted all trade with Israel; the agreement is not applied in practice and is not on the Ministry's list of agreements in force |
| Central and Eastern European countries (Bulgaria, Romania, Poland, Hungary, Czechia, Slovakia, Slovenia, the Baltic states, Croatia) | 1990s–2000s | Their accession to the EU | Moved under the scope of the Customs Union |
FTAs under negotiation
- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC / KİK) – Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain: The process, which stalled after the 2008 Framework Agreement, was relaunched in March 2024 with a Joint Statement signed by Minister Bolat and GCC Secretary-General Al-Budaiwi. The first round was held in Ankara (July 2024), with subsequent rounds in Riyadh and other capitals; trade in goods, rules of origin, services, investment and digital trade are being negotiated. As of October 2026 there is no signed text (please verify). Bilateral agreements with the UAE and Qatar are already in force.
- Japan – Economic Partnership Agreement (EPA) negotiations.
- Indonesia – Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) negotiations.
- United Kingdom – update of the existing FTA, including services, digital trade and agriculture.
Preferential trade agreements and regional arrangements
| Agreement | Entry into force | Note |
|---|
| Iran Preferential Trade Agreement (PTA) | 01.01.2015 | Reductions on a limited list of products |
| Azerbaijan PTA | 01.03.2021 | Additional protocol expanding the scope entered into force on 1 July 2024 |
| Pakistan Trade in Goods Agreement (TGA) | 01.05.2023 | Signed 12.08.2022; mutual tariff reductions on certain products |
| Uzbekistan PTA | 01.07.2023 | |
| Algeria PTA | Under negotiation | |
| Maldives | Domestic ratification process | |
| D-8 Preferential Trade Agreement (Türkiye, Pakistan, Iran, Egypt, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nigeria, Bangladesh; Azerbaijan joined in 2024) | Signed in 2006, entered into force in 2011 | Practical effect is limited because tariff reduction lists and rules of origin are not applied by all members (please verify) |
| ECO Trade Agreement (ECOTA) – Economic Cooperation Organization | Signed in 2003 | Not implemented in practice (please verify) |
| Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) | — | In parallel with the EU's GSP regime, Türkiye grants unilateral preferences to developing countries |
How to benefit from an FTA
- Determine the product's GTİP and check the FTA rate in the partner country's tariff schedule (the Ministry's FTA pages and the partner country's tariff).
- Check the rule of origin: Is the product "wholly obtained", or does it meet the sufficient working/processing criterion (change of tariff heading, maximum share of non-originating inputs, etc.)?
- Issue the proof of origin: EUR.1 / EUR-MED (endorsed by customs), invoice declaration / origin declaration (below the threshold or by an Approved Exporter), or an agreement-specific certificate (e.g. UAE CEPA).
- Comply with the direct transport rule: Goods must be carried without undergoing processing in the transit country and must remain under customs supervision.
- Keep the records: For post-verification, supplier declarations and cost calculations must be kept for at least 3 years (longer under some agreements).
Cumulation: Treating an input originating in one country as "originating" when it is processed in another partner country.
- Bilateral cumulation: Only between the two parties (e.g. Turkish input + processing in the partner country).
- Diagonal cumulation: Among several countries applying identical rules of origin; carried out with the EUR-MED certificate in the PAN-EURO-MED system.
- Full cumulation: An advanced form of cumulation in which even operations that do not confer origin can be aggregated.
- Which of Türkiye's agreements apply the revised rules of the PAN-EURO-MED Convention should be checked agreement by agreement (please verify).
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Sources
- Ministry of Trade of the Republic of Türkiye – Free Trade Agreements: https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/serbest-ticaret-anlasmalari
- FTAs in force: https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/serbest-ticaret-anlasmalari/yururlukte-bulunan-stalar
- FTAs in the ratification process: https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/serbest-ticaret-anlasmalari/onay-sureci-devam-eden-stalar
- Ukraine FTA page: https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/serbest-ticaret-anlasmalari/onay-sureci-devam-eden-stalar/ukrayna
- FTAs under negotiation: https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/serbest-ticaret-anlasmalari/muzakere-sureci-devam-eden-stalar
- Preferential Trade Agreements: https://ticaret.gov.tr/dis-iliskiler/tercihli-ticaret-anlasmalari
- Announcement of the Qatar TEPA's entry into force: https://ticaret.gov.tr/haberler/katar-ile-ticarette-yeni-donem-basladi-turkiye-katar-ticaret-ve-ekonomik-ortaklik-anlasmasi-teoa-yururluge-girdi
- Türkiye–GCC FTA press release: https://ticaret.gov.tr/haberler/turkiye-korfez-isbirligi-konseyi-kik-serbest-ticaret-anlasmasi-hakkinda-basin-duyurusu
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Türkiye, Ukraine FTA ratification (15 July 2026): https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-136_-ukrayna-yla-imzalanan-serbest-ticaret-anlasmasi-nin-ukrayna-parlamentosu-genel-kurulu-nda-kabulu-hk.tr.mfa
- Communiqué on Post and Express Courier (legislation): https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/File/GeneratePdf?mevzuatNo=39511&mevzuatTur=Teblig&mevzuatTertip=5
- AA – Increase in post and express courier limits: https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/posta-ve-hizli-kargo-gonderilerinde-agirlik-ve-parasal-ust-sinirlar-artirildi/3788196
- Free trade agreements of Turkey (secondary source for date checks): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_trade_agreements_of_Turkey
- UNECE UN/LOCODE: https://unece.org/trade/cefact/unlocode-code-list-country-and-territory
- UN/CEFACT LOCODE vocabulary: https://vocabulary.uncefact.org/unlocode
- Routescanner – Türkiye LOCODE list: https://www.routescanner.com/locodes/TR
- Evyap (TREYP) port code: https://magicport.ai/ports/turkey/evyap-port-treyp
- Hamad Port (QAHMD): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_Port
- Shuwaikh Port (KWSWK): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuwaikh_Port
- Khalifa Bin Salman Port (BHKBS): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalifa_Bin_Salman_Port
- Çukurova International Airport: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ukurova_International_Airport
- World Customs Organization – HS Nomenclature: https://www.wcoomd.org/en/topics/nomenclature/overview.aspx
- IATA code search: https://www.iata.org/en/publications/directories/code-search/
- ICC – Rules (UCP 600, URC 522, Incoterms): https://iccwbo.org
Last updated: 2026-10-01 · Prepared by ARTAĞAN Dijital Pazarlama İç ve Dış Ticaret A.Ş. This content is for general information; regulations and dimensions can change, so please verify with a current source before acting.
